(PDF) All About Audio Equalization: Solutions and … First, the subjective nature of human perception manifests itself by relatively large individual differences in equal loudness estimations obtained from different listeners, even when they are well-trained (Hajda et al., 1997).Įqual-loudness contours are often referred to as Fletcher–Munson curves, after the earliest researchers, but those studies have been superseded and incorporated into newer standards.The definitive curves are those defined in ISO 226 from the International Organization for Standardization, which are based on a review of modern determinations made in various countries. However, loudness equalization of musical tones by means of listening experiments may suffer from a number of problems. Key Words: Loudness, Audio Signal, Long Form Content, Short Form Content, Audio/Loudness (PDF) Loudness Assessment of Musical Tones Equalized … Loudness control (FLC) mechanism and an adaptive parameter configuration (APC) scheme for the purpose of addressing loudness in long and short form contents. EQUALIZATION OF BROADCAST LOUDNESS USING …